Hidayah+Wahab+&+Dev


 * ‍ ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍Note : Miss Siti, please check our draft report below together with the questionaire and advise us if we need to make any changes. We have udpated all from chapter 1 till chapter 4. **

** Your assistance are highly appreciated. **
Dear Mr. Abdul Wahab, Hidayah and Dev,

Here is my feedback on your: 1. questionnaire 2. draft 1



‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍
My comments: 1. Your questionnaire has slight language errors. There's not much a problem with it. 2. Your draft 1, on the other hand, need a slight change in the title. That is if you agree with me. Please see the draft for my suggestions. 3. As for your writing, a problem that occurred twice are in these sentences:

Sentence 1: The awareness of not using plastic bags started in Malaysia since July 2009 at Penang where the usage of plastic bags were banned.

Sentence 2: The campaign was then followed by the city of Miri which marked its city anniversary on 1 May 2010 as they kicked off the city council's no-plastic bag for shopping.

The problem with these 2 sentences are that the subject kept repeating. In sentence 1, the subject is "awareness of not using plastic bags" is repeated again " where the usage of plastic bags were banned". It is awkward to be repeating "plastic bags" twice. the second time it is mentioned, you should use the pronoun "them" or " they" (where applicable) to refer to plastic bags. Therefore, the sentence should be:

Saying no to plastic bags started in Malaysia since July 2009 at Penang and consequently they were banned.

Sentence 2: The campaign was then followed by the city of Miri which marked its anniversary on 1 May 2010 as they kicked off its council's no-plastic bag for shopping campaign.

At other times, you show good use of using pronouns (kata ganti diri) but at these sentences show otherwise. Perhaps, you did not get your members to check it before I checked. It can go unnoticed if you have seen the same thing over and over again.

~Siti, 31 July 2010

**CHAPTER 1 **
TITLE : AWARENESS OF USING PLASTIC BAG AMONG THE PUBLIC IN KUALA LUMPUR ‍‍ (Adult Students in Public Local University) INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Information.

In Malaysia, August 2010 Subang Jaya Municipal Council has launched a campaign day without a plastic bag with the aim of making the declaration of Selangor state's first municipality in the country to eliminate the use of plastic bags and the public are encouraged to switch to paper bags, biodegradable carriers or reusable shopping bags and also their own shopping. The Star Online reports that the Selangor government had on Dec 20 declared its plans to make every Saturday a plastic bag-free day effective Jan 1. January 2 was the first Saturday in which the ban was in effect, and shoppers were both surprised and pleased. Meanwhile, Penang has started to ban plastic bag since July 2009. This has lead to creating a big range of awareness among Malaysian citizens about the harazds being caused by using plastic bags. The government has started to take action and some state has already banned the usage of plastic bags on certain days. After a while, now Malaysia has decided and declared that no plastic bags being used on Saturdays. In 2001, Ireland implemented a plastic tax or PlasTax is the first of its kind, this route acknowledges the fact that people will still //occasionally // use plastic bags. This market-based solution discourages daily, thoughtless use of plastic bags by charging a nominal fee per bag at checkout. In a study by the Irish Department of the Environment it was found that plastic bag usage had dropped 93.5%, this breaks down to a drop from 328 to 21 bags per person each year. San Francisco also became the first American city to ban plastic bags from large supermarkets in 2007 and the state of California requires large stores to take back plastic bags and encourage their reuse. Effects of using the plastic bag Environmental pollution
 * Plastic bags cause over 100,000 marine animal such as turtle whales, dolphins and penguins are killed every year when animals mistaken them for food.
 * Plastic bags litter the landscape where every year more plastic bags are ending up littering environment. We can see that plastic bags litter at waterways, parks, beaches and streets.
 * Plastic bags are non-biodegradable because they take about 1000 years to decompose and if burned will release toxic chemical such as DIOXIN.
 * The manufacture of plastic bags add tones of carbon emissions into the air annually so it leads to green house effect.

1.2 Problem Statement

Plastic bags are used everywhere, it is because plastic bag are cheap, sturdy, easy to carry and store anything. Thats the reason why Malaysians is prefer to use plastic bags. Thus, public find it hard to change their habit when they go to shopping as they are still using plastic bags and did not bring their own bag like recycle or reused bag. They are also lack of understanding and awareness about the dangers of using plastic bags which is harmful to environment such as difficult to dispose and can change to toxic chemical.

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">1.3 Objective

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">The objective is to identify the level of awareness of using plastic bags among the public in Kuala Lumpur (adult students in public local university)

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">1.4 Research Question

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">What is the level of awareness of using plastic bags among the public in Kuala Lumpur (Adult students in public Local University)

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">1.5 Significant of the Study

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">The study to create awareness of the environmental dangers of using plastic bags and to save the earth from pollution. It also to encourage shopper (Adult Students in Public Local University) used the recycle bag

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">1.6 Scope of the study

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">The target audiences are public in Kuala Lumpur which is adult student in public local university.

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">1.7 Methodology for data collection

Questionnaire

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">CHAPTER 2 **

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">2.0 Literature Review

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">In 1977 plastic bags were introduced into supermarkets. Plastic bag is a type of packaging made of thin, flexible, plastic film, nonwoven fabric, or plastic textile.. It is also cheap to produce, sturdy, plentiful, easy to carry and store that they have captured at least 80 percent of the grocery and convenience store market since they were introduced a quarter century ago, according to the Arlington, Virginia-based American Plastics Council.

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">The production of plastic bags requires petroleum and often natural gas and chemicals. Its production is toxic to the air. Plastic bags are non-biodegradable and one of the worst environmental effects of a plastic bag is hard to dispose. The decomposition of plastic bags takes about 1000 years. Plastic bags in the earth is like a toxic, difficult to be disposed of and cleaned. There are four to five trillion plastic bags are manufactured each year and the production contributes to air pollution and high energy consumption, of those 100 trillion plastic bags, 1% is recycled because the recycle cost is higher than the manufacturing cost. It about a hundred billion plastic bags are used each year in the US alone and in 2007 about 31 million tons, or 12.1 percent of total municipal waste, was plastic.

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Last year, the sixth largest supermarket group in Penang has distributed 25.2 billion plastic per month or an average of 2.1 million per month.. Data released by the United States Environmental Protection Agency shows that somewhere between 500 billion and a trillion plastic bags are consumed worldwide each year and Americans throws away almost 100 billion plastic bags every year and only 1 percent to 3 percent are ever recycled.

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">** Scientists estimate that every square mile of ocean contains about 46,000 pieces of floating plastic. Researchers have found that plastic debris acts like a sponge for toxic chemicals, soaking up a million fold greater concentration (than surrounding water) of such deadly compounds as PCBs and DDE. It becoming highly toxic poison and dangerous to marine animals. This shows about 100,000 animals such as dolphins, turtles whales, penguins are killed every year due to plastic bags. Many animals ingest plastic bags, mistaking them for food, and therefore die and worse, the ingested plastic bag remains intact even after the death and decomposition of the animal .**

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">REFERENCES
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">[|http://www.natural-environment.com]
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">[|http://greenstate.penang.gov.my]
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">[|http://www.adoptabeach.org.uk]
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">[|http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com]
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">[|http://www.theofficeguide.com]
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">[]
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">@http://www.moew.gov.ae/En/AboutMinistry/Projects/Pages/Activity201009.aspx

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">*Draft of the report.

My corrections are in blue. Date of correction 30 July 2011. ~Siti <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;">Hi, sorry I tried to make corrections but the bubble is not working properly. My comments keep disappearing from the bubble. Pls upload the word form in wiki. TQ



<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 150%;">TITLE OF REPORT: ** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify;">Awareness of Using Plastic Bag s among the Public in Kuala Lumpur (adult student in local public university) <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 150%;">1.0 INTRODUCTION ** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 150%;">1.1 Background Information ** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">The awareness of not using plastic bag s was started in Malaysia since July 2009 at Penang where <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-decoration: line-through; text-indent: 36pt;">usage of plastic bag they were banned. The state of Pahang <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-decoration: line-through; text-indent: 36pt;">state also launched the 365 days campaign to prove <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-decoration: line-through; text-indent: 36pt;">that its <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-decoration: line-through; text-indent: 36pt;">caring care and <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-decoration: line-through; text-indent: 36pt;">loving love for the environment. The state encourage the people to use paper bags instead of plastic bags when shopping and the campaign was focused more on the 3Rs which is Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">The campaign was then followed by <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-decoration: line-through; text-indent: 36pt;">Miri City the city of Miri which marked its <span style="color: #000000; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-decoration: line-through; text-indent: 36pt;">city anniversary on 1<span style="color: #000000; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-decoration: line-through; text-indent: 36pt;">st May 2010 as they kicked off of city council’s no-plastic bag for shopping. During the kicked off event, Miri City also set a new record in the Malaysia Book of Record for the most eco-bag used for outdoor shopping in a stadium in one hour. On August 2010 Subang Jaya Municipal Council has launched a campaign day without a plastic bag with the aim of making the declaration of Selangor state's first municipality in the country to eliminate the use of plastic bags and the public are encouraged to switch to paper bags, biodegradable carriers or reusable shopping bags and also their own shopping. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">The Star Online reports that the Selangor government had declared on Dec 20, its plans to make every Saturday a plastic bag-free day effective from Jan 1. January 2nd was the first Saturday in which the ban was in effect, and shoppers were both surprised and pleased. Meanwhile. This has lead to creating a big range of awareness among Malaysian citizens about the hazards being caused by using plastic bags. The government has started to take action and some state has already banned the usage of plastic bags on certain days. After a while, now Malaysia has decided and declared that no plastic bags being used on Saturdays. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify;">**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Effects of using the plastic bag __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify;">Environmental pollution


 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%;">Plastic bags cause over 100,000 marine animal such as turtle whales, dolphins and penguins are killed every year when animals mistaken them for food.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%;">Plastic bags litter the landscape where every year more plastic bags are ending up littering environment. We can see that plastic bags litter at waterways, parks, beaches and streets.


 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%;">Plastic bags are non-biodegradable because they take about 1000 years to decompose and if burned will release toxic chemical such as DIOXIN.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%;">The manufacture of plastic bags add tones of carbon emissions into the air annually so it leads to green house effect.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">**1.2 Problem Statement** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">Plastic bags are used everywhere, it is because plastic bag are cheap, sturdy, easy to carry and store anything. That is the reason why Malaysians is prefers to use plastic bags. Thus, public find it hard to change their habit when they go to shopping as they are still using plastic bags and did not bring their own bag like recycle or reused bag. They are also lack of understanding and awareness about the dangers of using plastic bags which is harmful to environment such as difficult to dispose and can change to toxic chemical. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">**1.3 Objective** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">The objective of the study is to identify the level of awareness of using plastic bags among the public in Kuala Lumpur ( adult students in local public university ) <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">**1.4 Research Question** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">What is the level of awareness of using plastic bags among the public in Kuala Lumpur (Adult students in local public University) <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">**1.5 Significant of the Study** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">The study is to create awareness of the environmental dangers of using plastic bags and to save the earth from pollution. It also to encourage shopper (Adult Students in Local <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">Public University) to use the recycle bag. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">**1.6 Scope of the study** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">The target audiences are public in Kuala Lumpur which is adult student in local public university. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 150%;"> 1.7 Methodology for data collection ** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Data was collect from questionnaire. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 150%;">Chapter 2 __**

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">**2.0 Literature Review** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">Plastic bag is a type of packaging made of thin, flexible, plastic film, nonwoven fabric, or plastic textile. It is also cheap to produce, sturdy, plentiful, easy to carry and store that they have captured at least 80 percent of the grocery and convenience store market since they were introduced a quarter century ago, according to the Arlington, Virginia-based American Plastics Council. In 1977 plastic bags were introduced into supermarkets. The production of plastic bags requires petroleum and often natural gas and chemicals. Its production releases toxic to the air. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">Plastic bags are non-biodegradable and one of the worst environmental effects of a plastic bag is hard to dispose. The decomposition of plastic bags takes about 1000 years. A plastic bag in the earth is like a toxic, difficult to be disposed of and cleaned. There are four to five trillion plastic bags are manufactured each year and the production contributes to air pollution and high energy consumption, of those 100 trillion plastic bags, only 1% is recycled because the recycle cost is higher than the manufacturing cost. It about a hundred billion plastic bags are used each year in the US alone and in 2007 about 31 million tons, or 12.1 percent of total municipal waste, was plastic. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">Last year, the sixth largest supermarket group in Penang has distributed 25.2 billion plastic per month or an average of 2.1 million per month.. Data released by the United States Environmental Protection Agency shows that somewhere between 500 billion and a trillion plastic bags are consumed worldwide each year and Americans throws away almost 100 billion plastic bags every year and only 1 percent to 3 percent are ever recycled. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">Scientists and researchers estimate that every square mile of ocean contains about 46,000 pieces of floating plastic and that plastic debris acts like a sponge for toxic chemicals, soaking up a million fold greater concentration (than surrounding water) of such deadly compounds as PCBs and DDE. It becoming highly toxic poison and dangerous to marine animals. This shows about 100,000 animals such as dolphins, turtles whales, penguins are killed every year due to plastic bags. Many animals ingest plastic bags, mistaking them for food, and therefore die and worse, the ingested plastic bag remains intact even after the death and decomposition of the animal. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">The solutions to solve this problem are to change and use the recyclable bag like paper bag, canvas bag and basket. Paper bag is good to environment because it can be recycled. The best choice is canvas bag, it can be washed and reused, and lasts up to 10 years on average and also durable. Nowadays, canvas bags come with colorful designs and shapes. It can easily be purchased at any shopping stores. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">In 2001, Ireland implemented a plastic tax or PlasTax is the first of its kind, this route acknowledges the fact that people will still //occasionally// use plastic bags. This market-based solution discourages daily, thoughtless use of plastic bags by charging a nominal fee per bag at checkout. In a study by the Irish Department of the Environment it was found that plastic bag usage had dropped 93.5%, this breaks down to a drop from 328 to 21 bags per person each year. San Francisco also became the first American city to ban plastic bags from large supermarkets in 2007 and the state of California requires large stores to take back plastic bags and encourage their reuse. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 115%;">3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY **

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 115%;">3.1 Introduction ** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">This section is discuses about the methodology of the research. The main objective of the research is to identify the level of awareness of using plastic bag among public in Kuala Lumpur (Adult students in local public university). To evaluate the level of awareness, 10 persons of adult student in local university were chosen as respondents. Data for the researched were collected through questionnaire. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 115%;">3.2 Research Instruments ** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">The research utilized the quantitative research methodology. The instrument used to collect data are questionnaire only. A set of questionnaire containing 9 questions were distributed. Different question-types, such as yes-no and category and scales were used in the questionnaire. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 115%;">3.3 Respondents of the Study ** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">The respondents of the study were 10 persons of adult student in local public university and they were chosen at random. Gender or age of the respondents is not an issue to this research. <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 115%;">3.4 Research Procedure ** <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%;">The data collection period started with one distribution of the questionnaire to the respondent. The questionnaires were distributed around the local public university compound and the respondents returned the questionnaires as soon as they finished answering the questions. The researchers are enable to analyze the data if all questionnaires were collected. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> 3.5Data Analysis ** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%;">The data were entered into the computer using Microsoft Word and Excel software. Results were presented through frequency counts and other descriptive statistics. <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%;">4.0 ** **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 115%;">FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 115%;">4.1Introduction ** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">The finding is based on the data collected from the distribution of questionnaires to ten respondents for the study of the awareness of using plastic bag.

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 115%;">5.0 ** **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 115%;">CONCLUSIONS ** <span style="color: red; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">This research identified the level of awareness of using plastic bag among public in Kuala Lumpur which is adult students in public university. Primary data were collected by randomly distributing 9 sets of questionnaires to 10 respondents while the secondary data were collected from internet articles and journals. The coclusion are <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%;">BIBLIOGRAPHY **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%;">[|http://www.natural-environment.com]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%;">[|http://greenstate.penang.gov.my]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%;">[|http://www.adoptabeach.org.uk]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%;">[|http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%;">[|http://www.theofficeguide.com]
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 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">TITLE OF REPORT: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">TITLE OF REPORT: **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Awareness Of Replacing The Use Of Plastic Bags With Reusable Bags Among The Public In Kuala Lumpur **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1.0 ****<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">INTRODUCTION **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **1.1Background Information** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Saying no to plastic bags started in Malaysia since July 2009 at Penang and consequently they were banned. The state of Pahang also launched the 365 days campaign to prove its care and love for the environment. The state encourage the people to use paper bags instead of plastic bags when shopping and the campaign was focused more on the 3Rs which is Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The campaign was then followed by the city of Miri which marked its anniversary on 1 May 2010 as they kicked off its council's no-plastic bag for shopping campaign <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> During the kicked off event, there also set a new record in the Malaysia Book of Record for the most eco-bag used for outdoor shopping in a stadium in one hour. On August 2010, Subang Jaya Municipal Council has launched a campaign day without plastic bag with the aim of making the first municipality in the country to eliminate the use of plastic bags cite. The public are encouraged to switch to paper bags and biodegradable carriers or reusable shopping bags consequently. The Selangor government had also declared in Dec 2011, its plans to make every Saturday a plastic bag-free day and as of 2 January 2011 the ban on plastic bags was in effect (Star Online, 2011). Shoppers were both surprised and pleased. As a result, this has lead to creating a big range of awareness among Malaysian citizens about the hazards being caused by using plastic bags. The government has started to take action and some place has already banned the usage of plastic bags on certain days. Now Malaysia has decided and declared that no plastic bags are to used on every Saturdays.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Environmental pollution is the result of using plastic bags. Some of the effects are listed below.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Plastic bags cause over 100,000 marine animals such as turtle whales, dolphins and penguins to be killed every year when they mistaken the bags for food.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Plastic bags do not litter the landscape. Man litter the landscape with plastic bags. Every year more plastic bags are seen at waterways, parks, beaches and streets. Humans are littering the environment with more plastic bags.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Plastic bags are non-biodegradable because they take about 1000 years to decompose and if burned will release toxic chemical, such as dioxin.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The manufacture of plastic bags adds tones of carbon emissions into the air annually so it leads to green house effect.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **1.2 Problem Statement**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Plastic bags are used everywhere, because they are cheap, sturdy, easy to carry and convenient in storing anything. That is the reason for Malaysians to prefer using plastic bags. Thus, the public find it hard to change their habits when they go shopping as they are still using plastic bags and did not bring their own bags to carry their shopping. They also lack the understanding and awareness about the dangers of using plastic bags, which is harmful to the environment. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1.3 Objective **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The objective of the study is to identify the level of awareness of replacing the use plastic bags with reusable bags among the public in Kuala Lumpur.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **1.4 Research Question**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> What is the level of awareness of replacing the use of plastic bags with bags among the public in Kuala Lumpur

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **1.5 Significant of the Study**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The study is important because there is a need to create awareness of the environmental dangers of using plastic bags and to save the earth from pollution. It is also to encourage shoppers to use the reusable bags as an alternative to plastic bags.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **1.6 Scope of the study** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The scope of the study will be focusing on the awareness of replacing the use of plastic bags with reusable bags among the public.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **1.7 Methodology for data collection**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Data are collected from distributing questionnaires to adult students from a local public university.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **2.0 Literature Review** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Plastic bag is a type of packaging made of thin, flexible, plastic film, nonwoven fabric, or plastic textile. It is also cheap to produce, sturdy, plentiful, easy to carry and store that they have captured at least 80 percent of the grocery and convenience store market since they were introduced a quarter century ago, (Plastics Council, 2003). In 1977 plastic bags were introduced into supermarkets. The production of plastic bags requires petroleum and often natural gas and chemicals. Its production releases toxin to the air. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Plastic bags are non-biodegradable and one of the worst environmental effects of a plastic bag is that it is almost undisposable. The decomposition of plastic bags takes about 1000 years. A plastic bag in the earth is like a toxic, difficult to be disposed of and cleaned. There are four to five trillion plastic bags being manufactured each year and the production contributes to air pollution and high energy consumption. Of those 100 trillion plastic bags, only 1% is recycled because the recycle cost is higher than the manufacturing cost. It about a hundred billion plastic bags are used each year in the US alone and in 2007 about 31 million tons, or 12.1 percent of total municipal waste was plastic. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Data released by the United States Environmental Protection Agency shows that somewhere between 500 billion and a trillion plastic bags are consumed worldwide each year and Americans throws away almost 100 billion plastic bags every year and only 1 percent to 3 percent are ever recycled.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Scientists and researchers estimate that every square mile of ocean contains about 46,000 pieces of floating plastic and that plastic debris acts like a sponge for toxic chemicals, soaking up a million fold greater concentration (than surrounding water) of such deadly compounds as PCBs and DDE. It is becoming highly toxic poison and dangerous to marine animals. This shows about 100,000 animals such as dolphins, turtles whales, penguins are killed every year due to plastic bags. Many animals ingest plastic bags, mistaking them for food, and therefore die and worse, the ingested plastic bag remains intact even after the death and decomposition of the animal. of 2.1 million per month.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The solutions to solve this problem are to change and use the recyclable bag, such as paper bag, canvas bag and basket. Paper bag is good to environment because it can be recycled. The best choice is the canvas bag, it can be washed and reused, and lasts up to 10 years on average and is also durable. Nowadays, canvas bags come with colorful designs and shapes. It can easily be purchased at any shopping stores. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">In 2001, Ireland implemented a plastic tax or PlasTax. It is the first of its kind and this route acknowledges the fact that people will still occasionally use plastic bags. This market-based solution discourages daily, thoughtless use of plastic bags by charging a nominal fee per bag at checkout. In a study, it was found that plastic bag usage had dropped 93.5%, this breaks down to a drop from 328 to 21 bags per person each year (by the Irish Department of Environment, 2001). San Francisco also became the first American city to ban plastic bags from large supermarkets in 2007 and the state of California requires large stores to take back plastic bags and encourage their reuse. Last year, the sixth largest supermarket group in Penang has distributed 25.2 billion plastic per month or an average.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **3.1 Introduction**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This section discuses the methodology of the research. The main objective of the research is to identify the level of awareness of replacing the use of plastic bag among public in Kuala Lumpur. To evaluate the level of awareness, 10 adult students from a local university were chosen as respondents. Data for the researched were collected through questionnaire.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **3.2 Research Instruments**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The research utilized the quantitative research methodology. The instrument used to collect data are questionnaire only. A set of questionnaire containing 9 questions were distributed. Different question-types, such as yes-no and category and scales were used in the questionnaire.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **3.3 Respondents of the Study**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The respondents of the study were 10 adult students from a local public university and they were randomly chosen. Gender or age of the respondents is not an issue to this research.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **3.4 Research Procedure**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The data collection period started with one distribution of the questionnaire to the respondents. The questionnaires were distributed around the local public university compound and the respondents returned the questionnaires as soon as they finished answering the questions. The researchers are able to analyze the data if all questionnaires were collected. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">3.5 Data Analysis ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The data were entered into Microsoft Excel and results were presented through frequency counts and other descriptive statistics.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **4.0 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **4.1 Introduction**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The finding is based on the data collected from the distribution of questionnaires to ten respondents for the study on the awareness of replacing the used plastic bags with reusable bags among the public in Kuala Lumpur. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">4.2 Level of awareness of replacing the use of plastic bags with reusable bags ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Figure 1 shows that nine respondents are aware of the effects of using plastic bag because the information they got more from media coverage which is TV, Radio and Newspaper and one repondent not sure about that. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">It is can be proven from the data collected in the Figure 2 below, whereby seven respondents stated that they see about the effect in the television, radio and newspaper, while the other two respondents know it through school or university and one respondent know from their relatives and friends. This clearly shows that media plays an important role to channel the information to the public. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Figure 3 shows about three respondents is sufficient that society has enough information about the dangers of plastic bags, where by five respondents stated that insufficient followed by three respondents is requires more awareness and no one do not know about it. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">According to Figure 4, five respondents are likely to use reusable bag. This is because the bag is eco friendly and it is made from biodegradable materials, plus the design is funky, pretty and can be selected in various colours. three respondents prefer to use paper bag because it is very light while one respondent choose to use basket, especially when going to the wet market. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Figure 5 indicates that all ten respondents supported the campaign because they are aware of the danger of plastic bags which is environment, humans and animals.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **5.0****CONCLUSIONS**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This research identified the level of awareness of replacing the use of plastic bags with reusable bags among public in Kuala Lumpur which is adult students in public university. Primary data were collected by randomly distributing 9 sets of questionnaires to 10 respondents while the secondary data were collected from internet articles and journals. The conclusions can be drawn based on the findings of the study: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">6.0RECOMMENDATIONS ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Based on the conclusions of this research, there are several recommendations to be made. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> i. The government should give early education regarding the harmful usage of plastic bags and the importance of recycling to school children. This will help to develop the awareness to replace the use of plastic bags with reusable bags and also to nurture the habit of recycling among the children at the early age. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> ii. The governmnent and NGO should work together to provide more recycle bin and recycle centre so that it is easier for the people to recycle. Most of the time, the recycle activities is difficult to be done because of the lack of the recycle bins. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">BIBLIOGRAPHY **
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The study has shown that 9 respondents are aware of the effects of using plastic bag in percent about 90 and 1 respondent not sure where is 10%.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">It about 7 respondents got the information about the danger through tv, radio and newspaper that the higher than only 2 respondents know it from school or university and only 1 respondent know from their relatives and friends.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The respondents prefer to use reusable bags and paper bags to replace the usage of plastic bags than basket.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">All respondents supported the campaign and will continue to support the campaign by using alternative solutions and not to use plastic bags anymore.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> [|http://www.natural-environment.com]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> [|http://greenstate.penang.gov.my]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> [|http://www.adoptabeach.org.uk]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> [|http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> [|http://www.theofficeguide.com]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> []
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> @http://www.moew.gov.ae/En/AboutMinistry/Projects/Pages/Activity201009.aspx